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The Rosary Pea, also known as Jequirity Bean, Crab’s Eye, or Gunj, is a striking plant recognized for its bright red seeds with a black spot. These seeds are used widely in jewelry, prayer rosaries, traditional crafts, and cultural rituals. […]

Croton tiglium, commonly called Purging Croton, Croton Oil Plant, or Jamalgota, is a small shrub native to India and Southeast Asia. While the plant has a long history in traditional medicine, it is one of the most toxic medicinal plants

Ricinus communis, commonly known as the castor bean plant, is a widely cultivated ornamental species and the natural source of castor oil. From a toxicological perspective, it is one of the most significant plant species encountered in clinical and environmental

Phosphorus is an essential element for life—it’s in our DNA, our bones, and the foods we eat. But in certain forms, particularly white phosphorus, it’s also a highly dangerous substance. Phosphorus poisoning is rare but extremely serious, and understanding its

Thallium is a soft, bluish-white metal that most people never think about—yet it has a notorious history in toxicology. Sometimes called “the poisoner’s poison,” thallium is odorless, tasteless, and incredibly toxic even in tiny amounts. It dissolves easily in water,

Copper is an essential mineral your body needs to stay healthy. It supports energy production, iron absorption, brain function, and even skin pigmentation. But like many good things, too much copper can become harmful. Although copper poisoning is uncommon, understanding

Lead poisoning remains a silent public health threat—especially for young children—even though regulations have greatly reduced lead use in paints, gasoline, and plumbing. Because lead is a toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the body, even small amounts can cause

When most people hear the word mercury, they think of old thermometers or science-class experiments. But mercury isn’t just a relic of the past—it’s a real, ongoing environmental and public-health concern. From large ocean fish to certain industrial processes, mercury

Introduction Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a highly corrosive chemical widely used in industries and laboratories. Although it has disinfectant and antiseptic properties, phenol is extremely toxic to humans when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.Phenol poisoning

In recent years, opioid poisoning—often referred to as opioid overdose—has become one of the most urgent public health crises around the world. Whether caused by prescription painkillers, synthetic opioids like fentanyl, or illicit drugs such as heroin, opioid poisoning can